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Stress and Strain

 Stress and Strain 

 Stress and Strain is the first topic in Strength of Materials which consist of various types of stresses, strains and different properties of materials which are important while working on them.

Stress: The force of resistance per unit area, offered by a body against deformation is known as stress.

It is denoted by a symbol ‘σ’. And mathematically expressed as

As particular stress generally holds true only at a point, therefore it is defined mathematically as

TYPES OF STRESSES:

only two basic stresses exist.

(1) Normal stress and

(2) Shear stress.

(i) Normal stresses:

If the force applied are perpendicular or normal to areas concerned, then these are termed as normal stresses.

The normal stresses are generally denoted by a Greek letter (σ).


Stress =Force applied/Area

(ii) Shear Stress: 

when cross-sectional area of a block of material is subject to a distribution of forces which are parallel to the area of it.These forces are associated with a shearing of the material, are known as shear forces. The stress produced by these forces are known as shear stresses.

                        Shear Stress= Shear force/Area





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